Showing posts with label Pen-Test. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Pen-Test. Show all posts

Thieves Flood Victim’s Phone With Calls to Loot Bank Accounts

Bank thieves have rolled out a new weapon in their arsenal of tactics — telephony denial-of-service attacks that flood a victim’s phone with diversionary calls while the thieves drain the victim’s account of money.
A Florida dentist lost $400,000 from his retirement account last year in this manner, and the FBI said the attacks are growing.
A spokeswoman for the Communication Fraud Control Association — a telecom industry organization — told Threat Level that although fraudulent transfers have been halted in a number of cases, the losses are increasing.
“I know it’s in the millions,” said Roberta Aranoff, executive director of the CFCA. “It has exceeded a million dollars easily.”
Last November, Robert Thousand Jr., a semi-retired dentist in Florida, received a flood of calls to several phones. When he answered them, he heard a 30-second recording for a sex hotline, according to the St. Augustine Record.
In December, he discovered that $399,000 had been drained from his Ameritrade retirement account shortly after he’d received the calls. About $18,000 was transferred from his account on Nov. 23, with a $82,000-transfer following two days later. Five days after that, another $99,000 was drained, followed by two transfers of $100,000 each on Dec. 2 and 4. The thieves withdrew the money in New York.
Thousand’s son, who shares his name, received similar harassing calls, though his financial accounts were not touched.  Thousand did not respond to a request from Threat Level for comment.
The FBI says the calls were a diversionary tactic, meant to tie up Thousand’s line so that Ameritrade couldn’t reach him to authenticate the money transfer requests. FBI spokesman Bryan Travers said AT&T, Thousand’s phone carrier, contacted the agency’s New Jersey office to help investigate the matter. The agency has since seen at least 16 similar cases since November, most of them occurring in the last few weeks.
In some cases, the victims simply heard dead air when they answered their phone or heard a brief advertisement or other recorded message. Some victims had to change their phone numbers to halt the harassing calls.

The perpetrator who targeted Thousand created a number of VoIP accounts, which were used with automated dialing tools to flood the dentist’s home, business and cellphone with calls.
Generally in these cases, Travers said, the thief obtains the victim’s account information through some other means — perhaps through a phishing attack or other method — and then contacts the financial institution to change the victim’s contact information. In this way, the institution will call the thief instead of the victim to verify a money transfer request.
Many banks, however, now contact customers at their previous phone number when contact information on their account has changed.
But with these attacks, the institution’s calls are prevented from reaching the victim, whose phone is tied up with a flood of diversionary calls.
AT&T spokesman Marty Richter told Threat Level that the perpetrators then generally contact the financial institution posing as the victim to complain that a requested money transfer hasn’t gone through. When the institution discloses that it tried unsuccessfully to contact the victim to authenticate the transfer, the perpetrator says he’s been having phone troubles and verifies that the transfer should proceed.
Richter says that other telecommunication companies have been alerted to the problem and are warning customers when they call to complain about harassing calls that the issue may be related to their financial accounts. The victims are warned to place fraud alerts on their financial and credit bureau accounts and block any electronic fraudulent money transfers that may be in the works.
“This may appear to some people that they’re just having a connect issue with their phone carrier,” he said, “and we want to alert them that this may not be the case.”
Travers said that in most cases so far, the victims have acted quickly enough to prevent money from being drained from their accounts, but he says there may be many other cases that haven’t yet been reported to the FBI. He urged consumers who may have been victims to contact the FBI.

DNS Enumeration


A penetration testing is a method of evaluating the security of a computer system or network by simulating an attack from a malicious source. The process involves an active analysis of the system for any potential vulnerabilities that may result from poor or improper system configuration, known and/or unknown hardware or software flaws, or operational weaknesses in process or technical countermeasures.

The first step of penetration testing or more accurately called information security testing is information gathering. Information gathering is part of the preparatory pre-attack phase and involves accumulating data regarding a target's environment and architecture, usually for the purpose of finding ways to intrude into that environment. Information gathering can reveal system vulnerabilities and identify the ease with which they can be exploited. This is the easiest way for attacker to gather information about computer systems and the companies they belong to. The purpose of this phase is to learn as much as you can about a system, its remote access capabilities, its ports and services, and any specific aspects of its security.

Using a combination of tools and techniques, attackers can take an unknown entity and reduce it to a specific range of domain names, network blocks, subnets, routers, and individual IP addresses of systems directly connected to the Internet, as well as many other details pertaining to its security posture. Although there are many types of information gathering techniques, they are primarily aimed at discovering information related to the following environments: Internet, intranet, remote access, and extranet.

To read more details, you can download my article here:

CRITICAL LOG REVIEW CHECKLIST FOR SECURITY INCIDENTS

This cheat sheet presents a checklist for reviewing critical logs when responding to a security incident. It can also be used for routine log review. To download it, click here:
http://www.securitywarriorconsulting.com/security-incident-log-review-checklist.pdf


General Approach
  • Identify which log sources and automated tools you can use during the analysis.
  • Copy log records to a single location where you will be able to review them.
  • Minimize “noise” by removing routine, repetitive log entries from view after confirming that they are benign.
  • Determine whether you can rely on logs’ time stamps; consider time zone differences.
  • Focus on recent changes, failures, errors, status changes, access and administration events, and other events unusual for your environment.
  • Go backwards in time from now to reconstruct actions after and before the incident.
  • Correlate activities across different logs to get a comprehensive picture.
  • Develop theories about what occurred; explore logs to confirm or disprove them.

Typical Log Locations
  • Linux OS and core applications: /var/log
  • Windows OS and core applications: Windows Event Log (Security, System, Application)
  • Network devices: usually logged via Syslog; some use proprietary locations and formats.
What to Look for on Linux
  • Successful user login- “Accepted password”, “Accepted publickey”, "session opened”
  • Failed user login- “authentication failure”, “failed password”
  • User log-off- “session closed”
  • User account change or deletion- “password changed”, “new user”, “delete user”
  • Sudo actions- “sudo: … COMMAND=…”, “FAILED su”
  • Service failure- “failed” or “failure”
What to Look for on Windows
Event IDs are listed below for Windows 2000/XP. For Vista/7 security event ID, add 4096 to the event ID.Most of the events below are in the Security log; many are only logged on the domain controller.
  • User logon/logoff events -Successful logon 528, 540; failed logon 529-537, 539; logoff 538, 551, etc
  • User account changes- Created 624; enabled 626; changed 642; disabled 629; deleted 630
  • Password changes- To self: 628; to others: 627
  • Service started or stopped- 7035, 7036, etc.
  • Object access denied (if auditing enabled)- 560, 567, etc
What to Look for on Network Devices
Look at both inbound and outbound activities. Examples below show log excerpts from Cisco ASA logs; other devices have similar functionality.
  • Traffic allowed on firewall- “Built … connection”, “access-list … permitted”
  • Traffic blocked on firewall- “access-list … denied”, “deny inbound”; “Deny … by”
  • Bytes transferred (large files?)- “Teardown TCP connection … duration … bytes …”
  • Bandwidth and protocol usage- “limit … exceeded”, “CPU utilization”
  • Detected attack activity- “attack from”
  • User account changes- “user added”, “user deleted”, “User priv level changed”
  • Administrator access- “AAA user …”, “User … locked out”, “login failed”
What to Look for on Web Servers
  • Excessive access attempts to non-existent files
  • Code (SQL, HTML) seen as part of the URL
  • Access to extensions you have not implemented
  • Web service stopped/started/failed messages
  • Access to “risky” pages that accept user input
  • Look at logs on all servers in the load balancer pool
  • Error code 200 on files that are not yours
  • Failed user authentication- Error code 401, 403
  • Invalid request- Error code 400
  • Internal server error- Error code 500 
Other Resources

How to choose your Information Security Training

In the past couple of years, the economy has struck hard on organizations seeking to educate their employees. Training budgets have been cut down, and choosing the right course that will give you real Return on Investment is not an easy job. This is especially true in the offensive InfoSec arena, where training standards and qualifications are weakly defined. So how can you make sure your getting your money’s worth ?
Welcome to our “10 questions you should be asking your InfoSec Training Provider“.

1. What are the objectives of the training ?

What will the training do for you ? Anyone promising you that you will be a “hardcore penetration tester” or a “security expert” after their 5 day class has never run a pentest, or otherwise has no clue what they are talking about. Learning *any* profession in 5 days is unrealistic, let alone one as complex as IT Security, or penetration testing. This is one of the first questions I ask before attending a training… its allows me to set my goals for the course and gives me a baseline for my expectations.

2. What topics does the course cover ?

Always read the syllabus of the course you want to attend, before you attend it.  Try finding other people who have taken the class, (if possible) and get their opinion. Try to see if the syllabus follows a reasonable methodology, or if it’s just a collection of topics. If you see a list of 1500 tools on the syllabus – expect to spend around 0.6 minutes per tool. 

3. Who is your trainer ?

Are they well known in their field ? Do they have training experience ? Are they involved in the security community ? Do they practice what they preach? Although these are 4 separate questions, they all relate to one thing – the ability of the trainer to provide the goods you paid so dearly for. Finding a GOOD InfoSec trainer is NOT easy. Most computer genii are usually lacking in their social skills – something a good trainer must have.

4. What previous reviews does the class have ?

Running a few internet searches for the name of your class, or the name of the trainer is a must. Find out what people have to say about their experiences – during and after the class. Although you can’t believe *everything* on the internet, taking an average of all the reviews will usually give you a solid idea of what you are getting into.

5. What is the ratio of students to trainers ?

How many students will there be in the class ? Some training providers cram more than 30 students in one class – often with a single instructor. During a 5 day period, a trainer can’t give personal attention to 30 people, no matter what. In general, smaller classes mean a more intimate environment, more attention from the trainer, and a more productive and engaging experience.

6. What is the ratio between theory and hands-on exercises ?

Remember the famous saying “In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice – But in practice, there is”. If you don’t exercise what you learn, you are less likely to retain or understand it as nothing replaces practical experience. Ask for a rough ratio estimate for “theory VS exercise” for your class – anything above 40% class-time spent on exercises is a good sign. Of course, this greatly depends on the quality of the exercises too.

7. How often is the course updated ? Is the material relevant to modern day situations ?

Learning methods and techniques on antiquated systems will bring you little benefit in the real world. Hacking a Windows 2000 SP4 machine with RCP DCOM doesn’t cut it any more. On the other hand, don’t expect to learn “Bypassing Windows 7 Stack Protection” in an introductory buffer overflows course. You need to gauge the balance between these two elements carefully.

8. What are the pre-requisites for the class ?

How should you prepare yourself for the class? Do you need to refresh your knowledge on certain topics? Nothing is more frustrating than coming to a class, and then lagging behind because you are not up to par with the class requirements. Not good for your learning experience, and not good for your self esteem – on the other hand “no pre-requisites required” might indicate lack of depth. If the pre-requisites were defined well by the training provider, it’s definitely a good resource to use to evaluate the relevancy of the course to you.

9. Is there a certification involved ? What is it’s value ?

The “value” of a certification can be measured in the real world using two main indicators:
  • The “market value” of the certification – how popular is this certification in the workforce ? Is the certificate recognized and appreciated by the industry ? And of course, will it help you get a (better) job ?
  • The “practical value” of the certification – or as Eddie Murphy would say “WHAT HAVE YOU DONE FOR ME LATELY?”.  What real world skills does the certificate prove? If it proves you can memorize 100 questions, you might not be up to the job when confronted with a real world scenario.

10. What post training benefits are provided?

What ongoing benefits will you get from the training provider, if any ? Is there a continuation path for the training ? Will the trainers be available for future questions or issues that may arise ? Is there a student community you can join, to discuss the course with other student ? Or in other words, what kind of “post customer service” can you expect ?
These 10 questions should cover all the important elements you should verify before committing your valuable time and limited training budget to any service provider. The average person only gets a limited number of training opportunities per year, therefore you should always maximize the return you receive.

Android 2.0 ,2.1, 2.1.1 WebKit Use-After-Free Exploit

This is the exploit used in my Austin bsides presentation that returns a shell. 
The slides are at http://www.slideshare.net/mjza/bsides
email: mkeith@exploitscience.org

Arachni v0.2.2.1 is out!

Updated: Added link to CDE package.
Update #2: Watch the new WebUI v0.1-pre screencast on Vimeo.

Hello good people,
I’m very glad to announce the release of the v0.2.2.1 version of the Arachni framework which bears a lot of new features, improvements, optimizations and a brand new, although experimental, Web user interface.
There are new plugins, new modules, new system components, support for high-level meta-analysis using meta-module components, a brand new HTML report and much more.
Acknowledgements

Before continuing, I’d like to thank all the people who helped make this release as good as it turned out to be.
First and foremost, I’d like to thank Christos Chiotis (of Survive the Internet ) for volunteering his time, designer talent and good taste in order to create the new HTML scan report.
I’d also like to thank Matt and Michelangelo for their relentless testing and plethora of feature suggestions.

If you don’t feel like installing anything at all you can download the self-contained Linux CDE package from the downloads section.
The CDE package will allow you to run Arachni out of the box without requiring installation or any sort of root access.
ChangeLog
- Web UI v0.1-pre (Utilizing the Client - Dispatch-server XMLRPC architecture) (New)
   - Basically a front-end to the XMLRPC client
   - Support for parallel scans
   - Report management
   - Can be used to monitor and control any running Dispatcher
- Changed classification from "Vulnerabilities" to "Issues" (New)
- Improved detection of custom 404 pages.
- Reports updated to show plug-in results.
- Updated framework-wide cookie handling.
- Added parameter flipping functionality ( cheers to Nilesh Bhosale )
- Major performance optimizations (4x faster in most tests)
   - All modules now use asynchronous requests and are optimized for highest traffic efficiency
   - All index Arrays have been replaced by Sets to minimize look-up times
   - Mark-up parsing has been reduced dramatically
   - File I/O blocking in modules has been eliminated
- Crawler
   - Improved performance
   - Added '--spider-first" option  (New)
- Substituted the XMLRPC server with an XMLRPC dispatch server  (New)
   - Multiple clients
   - Parallel scans
   - Extensive logging
   - SSL cert based client authentication
- Added modules  (New)
   - Audit
      - XSS in event attributes of HTML elements
      - XSS in HTML tags
      - XSS in HTML 'script' tags
      - Blind SQL injection using timing attacks
      - Blind code injection using timing attacks (PHP, Ruby, Python, JSP, ASP.NET)
      - Blind OS command injection using timing attacks (*nix, Windows)
   - Recon
      - Common backdoors    -- Looks for common shell names
      - .htaccess LIMIT misconfiguration
      - Interesting responses   -- Listens to all traffic and logs interesting server messages
      - HTML object grepper
      - E-mail address disclosure
      - US Social Security Number disclosure
      - Forceful directory listing
- Added plugins  (New)
   - Dictionary attacker for HTTP Auth
   - Dictionary attacker for form based authentication
   - Cookie collector    -- Listens to all traffic and logs changes in cookies
   - Healthmap -- Generates sitemap showing the health of each crawled/audited URL
   - Content-types -- Logs content-types of server responses aiding in the identification of interesting (possibly leaked) files
   - WAF (Web Application Firewall) Detector
   - MetaModules -- Loads and runs high-level meta-analysis modules pre/mid/post-scan
      - AutoThrottle -- Dynamically adjusts HTTP throughput during the scan for maximum bandwidth utilization
      - TimeoutNotice -- Provides a notice for issues uncovered by timing attacks when the affected audited pages returned unusually high response times to begin with.
           It also points out the danger of DoS attacks against pages that perform heavy-duty processing.
      - Uniformity -- Reports inputs that are uniformly vulnerable across a number of pages hinting to the lack of a central point of input sanitization.
- New behavior on Ctrl+C
   - The system continues to run in the background instead of pausing
   - The user is presented with an auto-refreshing report and progress stats
- Updated module API
   - Timing/delay attacks have been abstracted and simplified via helper methods
   - The modules are given access to vector skipping decisions
   - Simplified issue logging
   - Added the option of substring matching instead of regexp matching in order to improve performance.
   - Substituted regular expression matching with substring matching wherever possible.
- Reports:
   - Added plug-in formatter components allowing plug-ins to have a say in how their results are presented (New)
   - New HTML report (Cheers to Christos Chiotis for designing the new HTML report template.) (New)
   - Updated reports to include Plug-in results:
      - XML report
      - Stdout report
      - Text report

I sincerely hope that you enjoy and find it useful, if you have any suggestions or problems don’t hesitate to open a ticket @ https://github.com/Zapotek/arachni/issues.

Cheers,
Tasos “Zapotek” Laskos (Lead Developer)

To download this tool, please click this link:
https://github.com/Zapotek/arachni/zipball/v0.2.2.1
To watch a video about this tool:
http://vimeo.com/19928281

Emergency Message to all Inj3ct0r Users

Dear Inj3ct0r users =]

Inj3ct0r blocked the domain again. =\
Nothing! Inj3ct0r Team will live forever. Our new domain : http://www.1337day.com/
Official sources with Inj3ct0r.com is:
http://twitter.com/inj3ct0r
http://www.facebook.com/inj3ct0rs

mr.inj3ct0r@gmail.com
if the domain is unavailable, Inj3ct0r project is available at http://77.120.120.218/
------------------------------------------------

Unavailable :
inj3ct0r.com , inj3ct0r.org , inj3ct0r.net , 0xr00t.com , 0x0day.com, 1337db.com
------------------------------------------------

Help us financially. We will be very happy.
As more domains will be closed the more we'll register ;)
Please distribute this message on their blogs!
Underground h4x0r forever!

//r0073r
# 1337day.com [2011-02-21]

Pyrit Tool- GPU Cracker for Attacking WPA/WPA2 PSK Protocols

Pyrit allows to create massive databases, pre-computing part of the IEEE 802.11 WPA/WPA2-PSK authentication phase in a space-time-tradeoff. Exploiting the computational power of Many-Core- and other platforms through ATI-Stream, Nvidia CUDA, OpenCL and VIA Padlock, it is currently by far the most powerful attack against one of the world's most used security-protocols.
WPA/WPA2-PSK is a subset of IEEE 802.11 WPA/WPA2 that skips the complex task of key distribution and client authentication by assigning every participating party the same pre shared key. This master key is derived from a password which the administrating user has to pre-configure e.g. on his laptop and the Access Point. When the laptop creates a connection to the Access Point, a new session key is derived from the master key to encrypt and authenticate following traffic. The "shortcut" of using a single master key instead ofper-user keys eases deployment of WPA/WPA2-protected networks for home- and small-office-use at the cost of making the protocol vulnerable to brute-force-attacks against it's key negotiation phase; it allows to ultimately reveal the password that protects the network. This vulnerability has to be considered exceptionally disastrous as the protocol allows much of the key derivation to be pre-computed, making simple brute-force-attacks even more alluring to the attacker. For more background see this article on the project's blog.
The author does not encourage or support using Pyrit for the infringement of peoples' communication-privacy. The exploration and realization of the technology discussed here motivate as a purpose of their own; this is documented by the open development, strictly sourcecode-based distribution and 'copyleft'-licensing.
Pyrit is free software - free as in freedom. Everyone can inspect, copy or modify it and share derived work under the GNU General Public License v3+. It compiles and executes on a wide variety of platforms including FreeBSD, MacOS X and Linux as operation-system and x86-, alpha-, arm-, hppa-, mips-, powerpc-, s390 and sparc-processors.
Attacking WPA/WPA2 by brute-force boils down to to computing Pairwise Master Keys as fast as possible. Every Pairwise Master Key is 'worth' exactly one megabyte of data getting pushed through PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA1. In turn, computing 10.000 PMKs per second is equivalent to hashing 9,8 gigabyte of data with SHA1 in one second. The following graph shows various performance numbers measured on platforms supported by Pyrit.

You can see Youtube how to use this tool:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HY9Y99bOyhE

To download the latest Pyrit 0.40, please see this link:

For more information about this Pyrit  tool, please see the link below:

Inguma - Penetration Testing Toolkit

Inguma is a penetration testing toolkit entirely written in python. The framework includes modules to discover hosts, gather information about, fuzz targets, brute force user names and passwords and, of course, exploits.
While the current exploitation capabilities in Inguma may be limited, this program provides numerous tools for information gathering and target auditing. Inguma is still being heavily developed so be sure to stay current and check back for news and updates.
You can see more details about Inguma and documentations here:
http://code.google.com/p/inguma/

Mantra - Free and Open Source Browser Based Security Framework

The Mantra is a powerful set of tools to make the attacker's task easier. The beta version of Mantra Security Toolkit contains following tools built onto it. You can also always suggest any tools/ scripts that you would like see in the next release.

  • Access Me
  • Add N Edit Cookies+
  • Chickenfoot
  • CookieSwap
  • DOM inspector
  • Domain Details
  • Firebug
  • Firebug Autocompleter
  • Firecookie
  • FireFTP
  • Firesheep
  • FormBug
  • FoxyProxy
  • Google Site Indexer
  • Greasemonkey
  • Groundspeed
  • HackBar
  • Host Spy
  • HttpFox
  • iMacros
  • JavaScript Deobfuscator
  • JSview
  • Key Manager
  • Library Detector
  • Live HTTP Headers
  • PassiveRecon
  • Poster
  • RefControl
  • Refspoof
  • RESTClient
  • RESTTest
  • Resurrect Pages
  • Selenium IDE
  • SQL Inject ME
  • Tamper Data
  • URL Flipper
  • User Agent Switcher
  • Vitzo WHOIS
  • Wappalyzer
  • Web Developer
  • XSS Me
You can download Mantra from this link:
http://www.getmantra.com/download/index.html

ESF Exploit Next Generation® SQL Fingerprint™

SQL Server fingerprinting can be a time consuming process. It involves a lot many trial and error methods to fingerprint the exact SQL Server  version. Intentionally inserting an invalid input to obtain a typical error message or using certain alphabets that are unique for a certain server are two of the ways to possibly fingerprint a server. But, when it comes to the Microsoft SQL Server fingerprinting, Exploit Next Generation® SQL Fingerprint™ (f.k.a. Microsoft SQL Server Fingerprint Tool) tool is the best!

The Exploit Next Generation® SQL Fingerprint™ (ESF) is a powerful tool which performs version fingerprinting for:

   1. Microsoft SQL Server 2000;
   2. Microsoft SQL Server 2005; and
   3. Microsoft SQL Server 2008.

The Exploit Next Generation® SQL Fingerprint™ uses well-known techniques based on several public tools that are capable to identify the Microsoft SQL Server version (such as: SQLping and SQLver), but, instead of showing only the "raw version" (i.e., Microsoft SQL Version 10.00.2746), the Exploit Next Generation® SQL Fingerprint™ shows the mapped Microsoft SQL Server version (i.e., Microsoft SQL 2008 SP1 (CU5)).

The strengths of Exploit Next Generation® SQL Fingerprint™ are:
   1. It uses both TCP and UDP protocols to determine the Microsoft SQL Server version, making it much more reliable than any other public or commercial tool.
   2. It is capable to identify multiple Microsoft SQL Server instances and their TCP communication ports.
   3. It does not require any authentication method to identify the Microsoft SQL Server version.
   4. It uses probabilistic algorithm to identify the Microsoft SQL Server version, combining both TCP and UDP fingerprint.

SQL Server fingerprinting is necessary before performing any kind of penetration testing on database server and if you find its Microsoft SQL Server then this tool will surely help identifying granular level findings to further exploit database.

To download ESF:
http://code.google.com/p/esf/downloads/list

OWASP Zed Attack Proxy Project

The Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP) is an easy to use integrated penetration testing tool for finding vulnerabilities in web applications.

It is designed to be used by people with a wide range of security experience and as such is ideal for developers and functional testers who a new to penetration testing. ZAP provides automated scanners as well as a set of tools that allow you to find security vulnerabilities manually.

The current version of ZAP is 1.0.0 and it can be downloaded from the Google Code page.

Some of ZAP's features:
    * Intercepting proxy
    * Automated scanner
    * Passive scanner
    * Spider

Some of ZAP's characteristics:
    * Easy to install (just requires java 1.6)
    * Ease of use a priority
    * Comprehensive help pages
    * Under active development
    * Open source
    * Free (no paid for 'Pro' version)
    * Cross platform
    * Involvement actively encouraged

ZAP is a fork of the well regarded Paros Proxy.

You can download ZAP v1.0 here:
http://code.google.com/p/zaproxy/downloads/detail?name=ZAP_1.0.0_installer.exe
http://code.google.com/p/zaproxy/downloads/detail?name=ZAP_1.0.0b_installation.tar.gz


 
 
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